Whether in low-Earth orbit (LEO), medium-Earth orbit (MEO), or geostationary orbit (GEO), satellites experience specific conditions directly related to their orbital path. LEO satellites operate at high relative velocities, which cause high Doppler shift and frequent handovers. Operating at significant distances from Earth’s surface leads to long signal delays and high path loss for satellites in GEO. MEO satellites share intermediate characteristic between LEO and GEO, balancing the effects of Doppler shift, handovers, latency, and path loss. With the ACE9600, users can reproduce each satellite orbit’s unique aspects by generating time-varying propagation delay, carrier Doppler shift, attenuation, path loss, ionospheric scintillation, multipath fading, and troposcatter effects. This enables engineers to thoroughly test and optimize the performance of satellite communications systems designed for LEO, MEO, or GEO.

Civilian and military aircraft must function reliably and meet strict requirements all while operating in challenging environments. For example, traveling at fast speeds increases susceptibility to Doppler shift, varying altitudes causes dynamic delays and fluctuations in signal strength, and interference and various atmospheric effects can degrade signal quality. These conditions can significantly affect the transfer of critical, real-time data, including flight path management details, navigational instructions, immediate updates on aircraft positioning and weather, and air traffic control (ATC) information. The ACE9600 provides valuable insight into the effectiveness of aircraft communications by emulating various link impairments, such as time-varying propagation delay, Doppler shift, path loss, multipath fading, and atmospheric disturbances (i.e., ionospheric scintillation and troposcatter effects). Through aircraft link emulation, the ACE9600 ensures civilian and military aircraft meet required reliability, safety, and performance standards.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are dynamic airborne systems, operating at variable altitudes and speeds while establishing and maintaining communications with other aircraft or ground stations. The integrity of communications signals directly impacts a UAV’s ability to receive commands, transmit sensor data, and coordinate flight paths with nearby airborne systems, among other mission-critical tasks. Factors such as high mobility and variable flight behavior, however, presents unique challenges for UAVs to communicate and operate effectively while in the field. The ACE9600 can provide a realistic testing environment through comprehensive UAV link emulation. Simulated link impairments include carrier Doppler shift, chip rate shift, path loss, ionospheric scintillation, multipath fading, and troposcatter effects, all of which contribute to understanding, analyzing, and optimizing UAV performance under various operational conditions.

Radios are fundamental communications systems for various applications, including public safety, aviation, satellite, cellular networks, and tactical operations. Across all use-cases, challenges such as propagation delay, Doppler shift, path loss, atmospheric disturbance, and multipath fading inhibit effective transmit and receive operations. The ACE9600 enables accurate and thorough radio link emulation by generating time-varying delay, attenuation, carrier Doppler shift, phase shift, AWGN, multipath fading, and other critical impairments. Simulating various radio link effects offers insight into real-world performance while still in the lab, allowing engineers to identify potential faults and make informed adjustments to improve radio designs.

5G handsets are mobile phones or wireless devices that can connect to 5G cellular networks, which provide faster speeds, lower latency, and increased network capacity compared to previous generations. The communication link between the handset and cellular network often encounters various challenges, such as signal propagation delay, Doppler shift, chip rate shift, path loss, and multipath fading, which can affect the transmission, decoding, reception, strength, synchronization, and fidelity of 5G signals. By simulating these impairments with the ACE9600, engineers can optimize 5G handset designs to deliver reliable connectivity and performance in diverse operating environments.